The International Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent is a collection of groups that help people during times of war and natural disasters. The groups are not religious. However, the Red Cross is the name used in mainly Christian countries. The Red Crescent is the name used in mainly Muslim countries. (A cross is a symbol of Christianity and a crescent is a symbol of Islam.)
More than 180 Red Cross and Red Crescent societies, or groups, exist throughout the world. For example, there are an American Red Cross, a British Red Cross, and a Pakistan Red Crescent. Each society is independent and offers its own services. The societies provide medical help, food and water, and shelter to victims of earthquakes, floods, and other natural disasters. They also help people during times of war. During peacetime, the societies teach first aid and safety skills. Many also run blood banks.
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was the first Red Cross group. It is based in Switzerland. The ICRC helps people affected by wars or other violent conflicts. Because it never takes sides in wars, most countries trust this group. Countries often allow the ICRC to work in areas where other groups are not allowed.
A Swiss man named Jean-Henri Dunant started the Red Cross movement. In 1863 he helped to form an international group of people to help wounded soldiers. These helpers began using a red cross as their symbol. The group became known as the ICRC in 1875. In 1901 Dunant shared the first Nobel peace prize for his work.
Source: Britannica Kids
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